孜然挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱的构建及主成分分析和聚类分析

目的 采用GC-MS指纹图谱并结合多元统计等方法评价不同产地孜然质量。方法 采用气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（GC-Q-TOF/MS）技术对孜然挥发油进行定性和定量分析，建立20批不同产地孜然的指纹图谱；运用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统软件（2012年版）"进行相似度评价，并进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 建立的指纹图谱确定了33个共有峰，相似度均>0.961，主要成分包括枯茗醛、γ-松油烯-7-醛、α-松油烯-7-醛、γ-松油烯、o-伞花烃、桧烯、枯茗醇、3-p-孟烯-7-醛等，其相对含量约占总含量的99.7%。通过聚类分析可将20批孜然分为5大类。主成分分析得到4个主成分的累积方差贡献率为88.946%，其结果显示S20号样品综合得分较高。主成分分析与聚类分析结果基本一致。结论 该方法特征性强，仪器精密度、重复性和稳定性良好，可用于孜然挥发油及其相关产品的质量控制和评价。     

Frontier performance of in situ formed α-MnO2 dispersed over functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes covalently anchored to a graphene oxide nanosheet framework as supercapacitor materials

α-MnO₂ has been recognized as a potential material for supercapacitor applications because of its abundance, cost-effectiveness, environmental-benign nature and high theoretical specific capacitance (C_sp) of 1370 F g⁻¹. In this study, we succeeded for the first time to achieve the theoretical C_sp with 3D multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) horizontally dispersed on 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet framework-supported MnO₂ ternary nanocomposites synthesized by a simple precipitation method. The in situ formation of α-MnO₂ and GO, and the growth of 3D MWCNT/GO framework took place simultaneously in a strong acidic suspension containing functionalized-MWCNTs, graphite, NaNO₃ and KMnO₄. Characterizations of the composites synthesized by varying % wt MWCNTs were performed with state-of-the-art techniques. These composites were characterized to be semi-crystalline and mesoporous in nature, and the scrupulous analyses of field emission scanning electron microscopic images showed MnO₂ nano-flower distributed over 3D MWCNTs dispersed-on-GO-nanosheet frameworks. These composites deposited on a graphite electrode exhibited an ideal supercapacitive behavior in an Na₂SO₄ solution measured via cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. Optimum contents of MnO₂ and MWCNTs in the composites showed a maximum C_sp of 1380 F g⁻¹ with satisfactory energy and power densities compared in the Ragone plot. An ascending trend of C_sp against the charge–discharge cycle number studied for 700 cycles was noticed. Well-dispersion of α-MnO₂ nanoparticles throughout 3D MWCNTs covalently-anchored to the GO nanosheet framework is discussed to aid in achieving the frontier C_sp of MnO₂.

Achieving the milestone of theoretical capacitance of α-MnO₂ dispersed over 3D multi-walled carbon nanotubes anchored to a graphene oxide nanosheet framework.     

玫瑰花药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:采用HPLC法建立新疆和田玫瑰花药材的指纹图谱。方法:色谱柱Inertsil ODS-3(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为A[甲醇∶乙腈(1∶1)]-B(0.06%的三氟乙酸溶液),程序梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:32℃;检测波长:254 nm。结果:检测了13批玫瑰花药材,标定了9个共有峰,相似度较好,达到了中药指纹图谱研究的技术要求。结论:本方法准确、可靠,建立的HPLC指纹图谱为玫瑰花药材的质量控制提供更全面的信息。     

Association of Thyroid Carcinoma with Malignant Lymphoma

Radiation-associated thyroid carcinoma is of clinical importancein modern radiation therapy of both Hodgkin's disease (HD) andnon-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), because anatomically the thyroidis often in the radiation field. We have reviewed the recordsof HD and NHL patients seen at Roswell Park Memorial Institute(RPMI) between 1910 and 1960 to determine associated occurrenceof thyroid cancer. Radiation therapy was the major therapeuticmodality with the occasional use of single agent chemotherapywith nitrogen mustard, triethylene melamine (TEM), chlorambuciland prednisone. There were 519 patients with HD and 863 withNHL. The thyroid glands of 439 (84%) HD and 544 (63%) NHL patientswere included in the field of radiation. The mean age of patientswith HD was 39 yr while for those with NHL, it was 53 yr. Themean survival in HD was 4.2 yr and in NHL 3.8 yr. There werethree cases of thyroid cancer among the HD patients occurring31, 44 and 48 yr, respectively, after radiation therapy. Whencompared with the number of thyroid cancers expected to develop,the incidence was significantly greater (p < 0.005). In contrast,three NHL patients were found to have thyroid cancer at thetime of surgery or postmortem examination. This number is againgreater than expected in such a population (p < 0.005); however,in only two cases could the cancer be considered as a sequelato NHL treatment. In all three cases the cancer turned out tobe subclinical thyroid carcinoma, incidentally found at surgeryor autopsy. One of the patients is still alive without evidenceof either disease. The reason for this difference between patientswith HD and NHL treated with a similar principle is unclear.Some of the factors contributing to this difference may include:the younger age of HD patients at diagnosis; the longer survivalof patients with HD as compared with those with NHL; differencesin the sites of radiation and type of treatment given; and possibledifferences in immunological status between the two groups. ²Present addresses: 211 Owen Drive, Fayetteville, North Carolina,28304, U.S.A. ⁴Present addresses: 212 West 18th Street, Hopkinsville, Kentucky,42240, U.S.A. ⁵Present addresses: St. Francis Hospital, Park Avenue, Memphis,Tennessee, 38119, U.S.A ⁷Present addresses: Vassar Brothers Hospital, Poughkeepsie,NewYork, 12601, U.S.A.     

Interobserver variability and stiffness measurements of normal common extensor tendon in healthy volunteers using shear wave elastography

Skeletal Radiology - The purposes of our study are to determine the quantitative elasticity values of normal common extensor tendon (CET) and to assess the interobserver variability of stiffness...     

Vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from the fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. (Nitrariaceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. are traditionally used in Uighur medicine to treat hypertension. This study aimed to support that folk use by defining their vasoactive and hypotensive properties.

Materials and methods

The vasorelaxant activity and the underlying mechanisms of a hydroalcoholic extract from the fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. (NSHE) were evaluated on thoracic aortic rings isolated from Wistar rats. In addition, the acute hypotensive effect of NSHE was assessed in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in their normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats.

Results

NSHE (0.1–10 g/l) was clearly more effective to induce vasodilation of phenylephrine- (PE, 1 μM) than high KCl- (60 mM) pre-contracted aortic rings with respective E_max values of 82.9 ± 2.2% and 34.8 ± 3.6%. The removal of endothelium almost abolished the relaxant effect of the extract. In addition, pre-treatment with N^w-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME, 100 μM), atropine (1 μM) or charybdotoxin (30 nM) plus apamin (30 nM), respective blockers of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, muscarinic receptors and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), significantly reduced the observed effect of NSHE. By contrast, the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (10 μM) or the K⁺ channels blockers glibenclamide (10 μM), iberiotoxin (30 nM) and 4-amino-pyridine (4-AP, 1 mM) failed to modify the vasodilation. Finally, the acute intravenous injection of NSHE (1, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) induced an immediate and transient hypotensive effect in anesthetized SHR and in WKY rats.

Conclusions

This experimental animal study suggests that hydroalcoholic extract from the fruits of Nitraria sibirica Pall. induces vasorelaxation through an endothelium-dependent pathway involving NO synthase (NOS) activation, EDHF production and muscarinic receptor stimulation. Additionally, our results determine that this vasorelaxant effect is translated by a significant hypotensive effect.     

Verapamil decreases ethanol-induced gastric acid secretion in rats

The present study examined the effect of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, on gastric acid secretion and circulating gastrin levels in rats after ethanol challenge. Normal saline or verapamil were given intraperitoneally to different groups of rats at 1 min, 1 h or 2 h before the administration of ethanol. One hour later, gastrin and gastric acid concentrations were determined. Regression analysis revealed the relationship between gastric acid output and serum gastrin levels in the group receiving saline intraperitoneally and ethanol orogastrically and the group receiving saline both intraperitoneally and orogastrically is similar. The slope of the regression line of the ethanol-challenged group treated with verapamil, however, was significantly lower than the slopes of the other two groups (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, verapamil decreased gastrin levels and acid output significantly in the ethanol-challenged group (P less than 0.01). When given 10 min prior to ethanol challenge, verapamil had a greater acid suppression effect than when given 60 or 120 min before the challenge. Verapamil at 20 mg/kg was more effective in acid secretion than at 10 mg/kg bodyweight, when administered 60 min before ethanol challenge.     

Alkaloids of Nitraria sibirica Pall. decrease hypertension and albuminuria in angiotensin II-salt hypertension

In traditional Chinese medicine, Nitraria sibirica Pall. （Nitrariaceae） is used to treat hypertension. This study determined the effects of the total alkaloids of the leaves of Nitraria sibirica （NSTA） on blood pressure and albuminuria in mice treated with angiotensin II and a high-salt diet （ANG/HS）. Adult mice were divided into three groups： control; infused with angiotensin II and fed a diet containing 4% NaCl （ANG/HS; and ANG/HS plus injection of NSTA （1 mg·kg？1·d？1, i.p.）. After treatment of these regimens, daily water and food intake, kidney weight, blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion, renal concentrations of inflammatory markers, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （sICAM-1） and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）, and the expression of renal fibrosis markers were determined. Compared to the control group, the ANG/HS group had higher blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion. Treatment with NSTA in ANG/HS mice for three weeks significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion. ANG/HS treatment caused elevated levels of sICAM-1 and MCP-1, as well as increased fibrosis markers. Concurrent treatment with ANG/HS and NSTA attenuated the levels and expression of renal inflammatory and fibrosis markers. Treatment with NSTA effectively reduces hypertension-induced albuminuria through the reduction of renal inflammatory and fibrosis markers.